Refraction Trap’s effect is not a redirection effect. If it prevents damage, Refraction Trap (not the chosen source) deals damage to the targeted permanent or player as part of that prevention effect. Refraction Trap is the source of the new damage, so the characteristics of the original source (such as its color, or whether it had lifelink or deathtouch) don’t affect this damage. The new damage is not combat damage, even if the prevented damage was.